What defines Prizmetal's angina?

Prinzmetal's angina, also known as variant angina, is characterized primarily by episodes of chest pain at rest, which are caused by transient vasospasms of the coronary arteries. This type of angina is distinct because it typically occurs during periods of rest or sleep rather than during exertion. The vasospasm momentarily narrows the coronary arteries, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, which manifests as angina. This phenomenon can occur even in individuals without significant coronary artery disease and often resolves spontaneously.

Understanding the mechanisms and characteristics of Prinzmetal's angina is crucial for proper diagnosis and management, including the use of calcium channel blockers and nitrates to prevent or relieve symptoms. This condition can also be associated with the use of tobacco, stress, or exposure to cold, making knowledge of this type essential for cardiovascular practitioners.